Jockey Hollow is the name for an area in southern Morris County, New Jersey farmed in the 18th century by the Wick, Guerin and Kemble families. The origin of the name is still uncertain, but was used as such at the time of the American Revolution. For most of the Revolutionary War, it was used by portions of

Continental Army The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies (the Thirteen Colonies) in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was establis ...

as a winter camp site, and it housed the main Continental Army during the "Hard Winter" of 1779-80, believed to be the harshest winter in recorded history. It is located in Harding Township and Mendham Township, in

Morris County, New Jersey Morris County is a County (United States), county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey, about west of New York City. According to the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the county's population was enumerated at 509,285,

. Since 1933, the Wick House has been part of

Morristown National Historical Park Morristown National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park, headquartered in Morristown, New Jersey, consisting of four sites important during the American Revolutionary War: Jockey Hollow, the Ford Mansion, Fort Nonsense ...

in Morristown, New Jersey. Morristown National Historical Park is administered by the

National Park Service The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational propertie ...

, U.S. Department of the Interior.

American Revolutionary War

During the Revolutionary War, Henry Wick possessed the largest portion of this area—his farm comprised 1400 acres of timber and open field. The Wick farm and his neighbors' property were considered the ideal location for a winter camp due to the distance from British forces in New York and the amount of timber needed for shelter and firewood for a large army—and the availablity of houses for officers (mainly generals and theri staffs) to quarter. During the winter of 1779–1780, approximately 600 acres of timber in Wick land and about 2000 acres total in Jockey Hollow were cut down by the soldiers to be used for the construction of huts and as firewood.

The Wick House

In the spring of 1777, the Wick family hosted Captain Joseph Bloomfield. During the Winter of 1779–1780, the Wicks housed General Arthur St. Clair, who was then commander of the Pennsylvania Line, and several of his aides. The house is now restored and is one of the historic structures maintained and open for viewing at the Morristown National Historical Park—see park website for schedule, https://www.nps.gov/morr/index.htm

Wick Kitchen Garden

A kitchen garden next to the Wick House is maintained by the Northern New Jersey unit of Herb Society of America.

The " Hard Winter" at Jockey Hollow

During the Winter of 1779–1780, the Wicks housed General Arthur St. Clair, who was then commander of the Pennsylvania Line, and several of his aides. In December 1779, over 10.000 Continental Army troops encamped for the winter at Jockey Hollow. Soldiers camped at this location until June 1780, during which time they endured some of the harshest conditions of the war.National Park Service, Morristown Pamphlet. Morristown National Historic Park, 2007 Due to the bad conditions of the dirt roads in the winter and spring, dependence on horsepower, distance from the enemy in New York plus the natural walls of protection provided by the (now-called) Watchung Mountains, this was a secure area to camp the army. The Winter at Jockey Hollow was the worst winter of the war, even worse than the Winter at Valley Forge two years before. Twelve men often shared one of over one thousand simple huts built in Jockey Hollow to house the Army. Amazingly, despite the difficult conditons and lack of food, less then 100 soldiers died and only one out of ten deserted.

Soldier housing

Soldiers had to build their own huts including surrounding trenches for drainage. The huts, made of log, were and high. Twelve men often shared one of over one thousand simple huts built in Jockey Hollow to house the army. Inside the huts soldiers had a fireplace for warmth and cooking. To create a floor they packed the ground for an earthen floor. Soldiers also had to make their own furniture, including bunks and tables. Their bunks got covered with straw and each soldier was to be given one blanket, although Washington clained that a quarter of the men "did not have the shadow of a blanket." . Soldiers huts were about 2 to 3 ft (50–100 cm) apart, with three rows of eight huts for each regiment. By 1780, soldiers had built about 1,200 huts in Jockey Hollow.Adams, Hugh W., Morristown National Historic Park. Christine Retz. New Jersey: Washington Association of New Jersey, 1982 There are four replica huts on Sugar Loaf hill built in 1964. There is a 1932 marker to the "Jockey Hollow Hospital" just across the road from those replica huts—subsequent archeology done after Morristown National Historical Park was esptablished found no evidence of graves there.

Pennsylvania Line mutiny of 1781

On December 21, 1780, Henry Wick died at Jockey Hollow. On the evening of January 1781, the Pennsylvania LIne, then encamped in Jockey Hollow under the command of General

Anthony Wayne Anthony Wayne (January 1, 1745 – December 15, 1796) was an American soldier, officer, statesman, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He adopted a military career at the outset of the American Revolutionary War, where his mil ...

mutinied. They supposedly intended to march to Philadelphia to complain to the state legislature. Many soldiers believed their enlistments in the army had expired with the new year, but the army claimed that their enlistment terms "two years or during the war" meant the end of the war was their true duration. The mutineers reached Princeton NJ where Pennsylvania's chief executive Joseph Reed and representatives of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania negotiated with them. The mutiny ended peacefully—some of the soldiers agreed to stay in the army. The event is believed to be the largest mutiny in the course of the American Revolutionary War The most famous account of this mutiny is Carl Van Doren's book, Mutiny in January, published in 1943.

Facilities

*Jockey Hollow Visitor Center *Wick House: Park employee in period dress.

Activities

*Biking (road only) *Bird Watching *Hiking *Interpretive Programs *Snow Skiing *Children's Junior Ranger Program

Notes

External links

Morristown National Historical Park: The Great Story

{{New Jersey in the American Revolutionary War American Revolutionary War sites Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey Harding Township, New Jersey Mendham Township, New Jersey Historic house museums in New Jersey American Revolutionary War museums in New Jersey Museums in Morristown, New Jersey Morristown National Historical Park Parks in Morris County, New Jersey National Register of Historic Places in Morris County, New Jersey Houses in Morris County, New Jersey American Revolution on the National Register of Historic Places